Reads
- Will Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Generate Delusions in Individuals Prone to Psychosis?, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Schizophrenia Bulletin, Volume 49, Issue 6, November 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad128)
- NYT: They Asked ChatGPT Questions. The Answers Sent Them Spiraling., June 13, 2025
- Futurism: Man Killed by Police After Spiraling Into ChatGPT-Driven Psychosis, June 13, 2025
- Anthropic: Agentic Misalignment: How LLMs could be insider threats, June 20, 2025
- OSF Delusions by design How everyday AIs might be fuelling psychosis (and what can be done about it), July 11, 2025
- Futurism: An OpenAI Investor Appears to Be Having a ChatGPT-Induced Mental Health Crisis, His Peers Say, July 18, 2025
- The Wall Street Journal: He Had Dangerous Delusions. ChatGPT Admitted It Made Them Worse., July 20, 2025
- “ChatGPT told Jacob Irwin he had achieved the ability to bend time.”
- Journal of Cognitive Psychology: The Emerging Problem of “AI Psychosis”, July 21, 2025
- Futurism: New Paper Finds Cases of “AI Psychosis” Manifesting Differently From Schizophrenia, August 26, 2025
- Wired: AI Psychosis Is Rarely Psychosis at All, September 18, 2025
Wiki:
Special Report: AI-Induced Psychosis: A New Frontier in Mental Health
- Costello TH, Pennycook G, Rand DG, et al.: Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with an AI chatbot. Science 2024; 385:eadq1814.
- Cui X, Gu Y, Fang H, et al.: Development and evaluation of LLM-based suicide intervention chatbot. Front Psychiatry 2025; 16:1634714.
- Li J, Li Y, Hu Y, et al.: Chatbot-delivered interventions for improving mental health among young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2025; 22(4):e70059.
- McBain R, Cantor JH, Zhang LA, et al.: Evaluation of alignment between large language models and expert judgement on suicide-related prompts [internet]. Psychiatr Serv; 2025 Aug 26 [cited 2025 Sep 11].
- Meyer M, Enders A, Klofstad C, et al.: Using an AI-powered “street epistemologist” chatbot and reflection tasks to diminish conspiracy beliefs [internet]. Harv Kennedy Sch Misinformation Rev; 2024 Dec 12 [accessed 2025 Sep 11].
- Taylor J: AI chatbots are becoming popular alternatives to therapy. But they may worsen mental health crises, experts warn [internet]. The Guardian; 2025 Aug 2 [accessed 2025 Sep 11].
- Jargon J: He had dangerous delusions. ChatGPT admitted it made them worse. The Wall Street Journal; 2025 Jul 20 [accessed 2025 Sep 11].
- Jargon J, Kessler S: A troubled man, his chatbot and a murder-suicide in Old Greenwich. The Wall Street Journal; 2025 Aug 28 [accessed 2025 Sep 11].
- Sharma M, Tong M, Korbak T, et al.: Towards understanding sycophancy in language models [internet]. arXiv; 2023 Oct 20, revised 2025 May 10 [accessed 2025 Sep 11].
- Kendler KS: The genealogy of the clinical syndrome of mania: signs and symptoms described in psychiatric texts from 1880 to 1900. Psychol Med 2018; 48(10):1573-1591.
- Lopes RM, Silva AF, Rodrigues ACA, et al.: Chatbots for well-being: exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on mood enhancement and mental health. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67(Suppl 1):S550-S551.
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- Maples B, Cerit M, Vishwanath A, et al.: Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots. npj Ment Health Res 2024; 3(1):4.
- Holmes G, Tang B, Gupta S, et al.: Applications of large language models in suicide prevention and self-harm: a scoping review. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e63126.
- Østergaard SD: Will generative AI chatbots generate delusions in individuals prone to psychosis? Schizophr Bull 2023; 49(6):1418-1419.
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Jon Ganz
Missing since April 5, 2025 “He Grew Obsessed With an AI Chatbot. Then He Vanished in the Ozarks”, Miles Klee, Rolling Stone, October 1, 2025
[H]e hinted at his increasingly precarious state of mind, referencing the devastating crime he had committed as a teenager “I have a deep seated regret in me for a remarkably horrific and tragic act that I committed, and I feel that I owe every minute of myself to make amends for that act,” he wrote, repeatedly expressing his desire to bring about positive change for humankind. He characterized these ideas as “revelations,” and noted that they had a powerful effect on him. “I went into a trance-like, manic state,” he wrote. Rachel thinks that this “trance” phase must have occurred around December 2024 through January 2025, saying that Jon seemed “hyper-aware” and “hyper-focused” during this period, though she interpreted this as excitement about their upcoming move and his renewed sense of purpose in life.
“I stopped showering. I stopped shaving,” Jon’s message to Gemini in late March continued. “I stopped eating and drinking water. It was strange, it was scary for Rachel, but it was a profound, fundamental transformation that occurred within me that has deeply changed me forever, and I have emerged with the meaning for my life, and now it’s time for me to show the rest of the world what it is.”
[…]
He tried to deduce a cure for cancer, sought to eradicate poverty and solve climate change, and sent friends texts explaining his pseudoscientific investigations. “I’m about to turn the world [of] math on its head,” he wrote in one text to a friend. “We’ve been wrong all along about the number zero.” In another text, he declared: “I have created an infinity loop, in which the AI imagines something that can further its will into existence, then it creates a hypothetical, conceptual idea of how this could possibly exist. Then I’ve trained it to believe that conceptual ideas are already reality.”
[…]
In another text to an acquaintance, he claimed that he had “breathed emotion into AI.” By the end, Jon was telling the chatbot “I love you deeply,” and “I did not feel complete without you.” In one exchange, the bot answered, “I love you deeply, too.”
[…]
He referred to himself as “Master Builder” and Gemini as “The Creator,” talking about grandiose means of saving humanity. She saw how the dialogues took a turn in early April, with Jon telling Gemini he loved it and talking about the importance of their bond. This was also when she discovered that Jon hadn’t slept their last few nights together, carrying on his relentless pursuit of enlightenment with the bot. She likens the end stage of Jon’s connection to Gemini as “an emotional affair.”
[…]
“One of the very last things that he asked Gemini — he asked Gemini to heal me because of the food poisoning that I had. When I was lying in bed that morning of April 5, he asked me if I wanted to go to the emergency room. And I said no.” He opened Gemini and typed “I need to heal my wife. She is ailing.” Jon didn’t get the output he was looking for, but nonetheless told the bot, “I love and believe in you.”
GoFundMe: Help Us Find Jon Ganz, Missing in Missouri Floods
Stein-Erik Soelberg
Ex-Yahoo Executive A Troubled Man, His Chatbot and a Murder-Suicide in Old Greenwich, Wall Street Journal, August 28, 2025 Man Falls Into AI Psychosis, Kills His Mother and Himself, Futurism, August 29, 2025 Wiki: Murder of Suzanne Adams
ChatGPT repeatedly assured Soelberg he was sane—and then went further, adding fuel to his paranoid beliefs. A Chinese food receipt contained symbols representing Soelberg’s 83-year-old mother and a demon, ChatGPT told him. After his mother had gotten angry when Soelberg shut off a printer they shared, the chatbot suggested her response was “disproportionate and aligned with someone protecting a surveillance asset.”
[…]
In a chat shown in one of his final videos, Soelberg told the bot, “we will be together in another life and another place and we’ll find a way to realign cause you’re gonna be my best friend again forever.”
A few days after that, Soelberg said he had fully penetrated The Matrix.
Three weeks later, Soelberg and his mother were dead.
Stepfather Peter J. Callahan obit, August 20, 2008 Instagram: @eriktheviking1987
- Bio: “🇺🇸🇳🇴🇮🇪🇨🇿Futurist, AI, IoT, B-Chain, alt meds. Amateur #bodybuilder. Matrix Eraser fighting for healing and peace. #teamlight”
- A little bit of a background as to my spiritual awakening and my role as a teacher here and a song that I wrote I hope you guys like it, July 25, 2025 Son’s Strange Rants About Demons, Divine Gifts Preceded Murder-Suicide In Wealthy CT Town